AKSU Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development

DETERMINANTS OF PROFITABILITY AMONG TOMATO FARMERS IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA

Author:  Ogbonna, S. I.

Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is among the most widely consumed vegetables in Nigeria, yet domestic output remains constrained by low yields and high production costs, sustaining heavy reliance on imports. Despite the crop’s economic importance in the south-east, the socio-economic factors shaping its profitability in Abia State are poorly documented. This study examined the determinants of profitability among tomato farmers in Abia State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 120 tomato farmers, using primary data obtained through a structured questionnaire and oral interviews. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis and multiple regression (four functional forms). Most farmers were above 40 years (77.5%), had formal education (89.2%) and 11–20 years’ experience (59.2%), while a majority lacked access to extension services (66.7%). Tomato production was profitable, with a net farm income of ₦1,274,000 per hectare and a benefit–cost ratio of 1:2.04. The double- log model (R² = 0.689) showed that level of education (615.79, p<0.01), membership of organization (602.28, p<0.01) and farming experience (224.36, p<0.01) positively and significantly influenced output value, whereas access to credit (-133.94, p<0.01) and access to extension services (-949.04, p<0.01) were significant but negative. Major constraints were the high cost of fertilizer, poor access to improved seed and poor access to credit. The study showed that tomato production is profitable in the study area, and recommends improved farmer access to affordable inputs, credit and functional extension services to enhance tomato profitability.